HITIT THEOLOGY JOURNAL, vol.20, no.1, pp.377-403, 2021 (ESCI)
The issues concerning the legality of residing in non-Muslim territories have direct and indirect ramifications for many Muslims who live in non-Muslim countries including American Muslims. The term non-Muslim country refers to places where Islam is neither the dominant religion nor the determiner of the legal system or the political power. The applicability of Islamic law in non-Muslim countries, the territoriality of Islamic law, the obligations of Muslim residents in non-Muslim societies, and the obedience to non-Muslim territories' laws can be regarded as the dimensions related to the status of Muslim minorities. All of these are evaluated to provide detailed legal opinions and interpretations that govern the conduct of Muslim minorities.