Phytochemical characterization, in silico studies, and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the <i>Ruscus colchicus</i> essential oil and methanolic extract
CHEMICAL PAPERS, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11696-026-05650-3
- Dergi Adı: CHEMICAL PAPERS
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Chemical Abstracts Core, Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study aims to comprehensively characterize the volatile constituents of the root-derived oil of Ruscus colchicus (RcEO) using GC-MS and the phenolic profile of the methanolic extract (RcME) obtained from its cladodes by LC-MS/MS, as well as to evaluate, for the first time, the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of both samples and to assess the in silico antibacterial potential of the major phenolic compounds and volatile terpenes. The major constituents of RcEO were camphene (20.5%), alpha-pinene (16.2%), beta-terpineol (13.3%), and carvone (12.4%), whereas the primary phenolic compound in RcME was identified as rutin. The antioxidant activities of RcEO and RcME were assessed using multiple in vitro assays, including DPPH & centerdot; and ABTS & centerdot;+ radical scavenging tests, as well as the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that RcME had strong antioxidant activity, with an SC50 value of 0.0029 +/- 0.0001 mg/mL in the DPPH & centerdot; test. RcEO and RcME showed concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, likely due to the synergistic effects of their major volatile and phenolic constituents. Moreover, molecular docking analyses revealed that the phenolic compounds rutin, vitexin, and caffeic acid exhibited higher binding affinities for bacterial targets than the volatile terpenes alpha-pinene, camphene, carvone, and E-beta-Terpineol.