Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, cilt.394, ss.1-12, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
Energy security remains a critical issue in both scientific and political debates because of its wide-ranging
economic, social, and environmental implications, as well as its influence on policy actions at the global, national,
and local levels. However, comprehensive assessments of all key aspects of energy security remain
incomplete, and no unified indicators adequately capture a country’s level of energy security. To this aim, the
study addresses the economic and sociopolitical factors influencing energy security using a novel analytical
approach, focusing on countries identified as having the highest levels of energy security. In this regard, the
research employs the Energy Security Risk Index (ESRI) developed by Global Energy Institute for the period
1995–2018 to analyses 18 countries with the highest energy security risks. The study employs the method of
moments quantile regression (MMQR) to assess the effects of economic growth (EG), economic complexity (EC),
CO2 emissions, and urbanisation on energy security. The main findings of the study indicate that EG and urbanisation
have a mitigating effect on energy security risks, whereas CO2 emissions intensify these risks.
Furthermore, the study reveals an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between energy security risk and
economic complexity. As key policy implications of the study, these findings suggest that particularly the government
and scientific community promote sustainable development through innovative economic policies while
prioritizing CO2 reduction strategies and clean energy alternatives.