Investigation of natural radioactivity and associated radiological hazards in ceramic sanitary ware products commercially sold in Turkey

Dizman S.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, cilt.101, sa.14, ss.2209-2219, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 101 Sayı: 14
  • Basım Tarihi: 2021
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1080/03067319.2019.1700966
  • Dergi Adı: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Environment Index, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, Veterinary Science Database
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.2209-2219
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Ceramic, sanitary ware, natural radioactivity, radiological hazard, Turkey, BUILDING-MATERIALS, RADIOMETRIC ANALYSIS, RAW-MATERIALS, END-PRODUCTS, TAMILNADU, TILES
  • Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

All ceramic products used in the construction of buildings contain natural radioisotopes at various rates. These radioisotopes are the main source of outdoor radiation to which people living in houses or workplaces are exposed. Therefore, it is important to determine the radioactivity levels in ceramic products used in buildings. In this study, the natural radioactivity levels (Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40) in forty ceramic sanitary ware products (17 closets and 23 sinks) of twelve different brands produced in Turkey were determined using a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe). In order to evaluate the radiological hazards originating from natural radionuclides of examined ceramic sanitary ware samples, radium equivalent activity (Ra-eq), gamma index (I-gamma), external hazard index (H-ex), absorbed dose rate (D), annual effective dose (AED) and excess life time cancer risk (ELCR) values were also calculated. The average activity concentrations of Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 radionuclides in the investigated ceramic sanitary ware products were found as 35.47 +/- 2.35, 48.80 +/- 2.53, 230.44 +/- 10.49 Bq/kg for closet samples and 34.64 +/- 2.34, 51.25 +/- 2.61, 256.23 +/- 10.95 Bq/kg for sink samples, respectively. These values are less than the world average values (50, 50, 500 Bq/kg) except for the average Th-232 concentration of sink samples. The average of radiological hazard parameters (Ra-eq, I-gamma, H-ex, D, AEDE and ELCR) calculated for all ceramic sanitary ware samples were found lower than the limit values recommended by international organisations.