Pichler V., Valadas V., Akıner M. M., Balatsos G., Barceló C., Borg M. L., ...Daha Fazla
PARASITES AND VECTORS, cilt.18, sa.1, ss.1-11, 2025 (Scopus)
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Yayın Türü:
Makale / Tam Makale
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Cilt numarası:
18
Sayı:
1
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Basım Tarihi:
2025
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Doi Numarası:
10.1186/s13071-025-07130-1
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Dergi Adı:
PARASITES AND VECTORS
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Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler:
Scopus, BIOSIS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals
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Sayfa Sayıları:
ss.1-11
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Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Adresli:
Evet
Özet
Abstract
Background
With the worldwide spread of the Asian tiger mosquito,
Aedes albopictus
, the number of autochthonous cases of exotic arboviral diseases, such as dengue or chikungunya, is increasing in temperate regions. In Europe, pyrethroids are the only insecticides allowed for the abatement of adult mosquitoes and are thus crucial for limiting ongoing arbovirus transmission. Despite this and the report of resistance rising in vector populations worldwide, information on the pyrethroid resistance status of vector populations and knowledge on resistance mechanisms is widely lacking. Genotyping of knockdown resistance (
kdr
) mutations situated within the target site of pyrethroids, i.e., the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), and associated with pyrethroid resistance, is a cost-effective approach to investigate the spread of resistance in a population. Herein, we describe the European-wide distribution of two
kdr
mutations, i.e., I1532T and F1534C, in
Ae. albopictus
and evaluate their co-occurrence with another well-characterized
kdr
mutation, V1016G.
Methods
Genotyping of the
kdr
mutation F1534C was performed by allele-specific PCR for 1732
Ae. albopictus
specimens sampled in 19 European countries; for a subset of 419 specimens mutation I1532T was also genotyped by sequencing. For all samples, information on mutation V1016G was available, allowing evaluation of the co-occurrence of
kdr
alleles.
Results
Mutation 1534C was detected in nine sites from six countries at an overall frequency close to 5%. Highest frequencies per site were detected in Cyprus (84%) and Greece (45%). Allele 1532 T was identified in 11 sites from 7 countries at frequencies ranging from 4% to 25% per site. Co-occurrence of different
kdr
alleles (1534C, 1532 T and 1016G) was observed in nine sampling sites from seven countries.
Conclusions
The present study offers the first map of the occurrence of the major
Ae. albopictus kdr
alleles across Europe and highlights a differential distribution of the two alleles most strongly associated with pyrethroid resistance, 1016G and 1534C. Our findings also point to the need for enhancing resistance monitoring in the Eastern Mediterranean region, where the two mutations are shown to exist in geographically close areas, with the risk of emergence of highly resistant double mutants.
Graphical Abstract