Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
3. Uluslararası Ege Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, İzmir, Türkiye, 20 - 22 Aralık 2024
This study consolidates information from 15 research completed in the past decade, examining heavy metal concentrations in fish and shellfish from the Black Sea and their possible health concerns to consumers. The fish species examined comprise anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Furthermore, shellfish like the rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) and Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were analyzed for metal buildup. The primary metals examined in these research are cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe). The methodologies utilized, including Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, yielded accurate quantifications of metal concentrations in consumable tissues and muscles, liver, gills, and gonads. Research demonstrates that liver and gill tissues frequently acquire greater quantities of metals than muscle tissues, which are commonly ingested by humans. Although sporadic elevated concentrations of certain metals were detected, including lead in horse mackerel and zinc in anchovy, the majority of levels remained within the international safety limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO), and regional regulations. Seasonal fluctuations and geographic disparities affected metal concentrations, with certain regions exhibiting elevated pollution as a result of local human activities. Health risk assessments, incorporating metrics such as the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), consistently indicated minimal risks for both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic effects associated with the eating of these species. Shellfish, especially mussels and whelks, exhibited site-specific fluctuations in metal concentration but were generally deemed safe for restricted ingestion. In conclusion, despite anthropogenic pollution in the Black Sea, the seafood examined in these research is predominantly safe for human consumption. Ongoing surveillance and enhanced environmental management are advised to uphold safety and mitigate potential localized pollution.