Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
AEROSPACE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, cilt.170, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This research, for the first time and as a novel study, presents the aerodynamic and control response of sandwich smart plates embedded in aircraft wings under a combined electrical shock of both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) voltage surge, which is similar to a lightning strike. Unlike prior studies focusing solely on DC or AC components, this work establishes a coupled analytical framework for hybrid electrical shock, better representing real lightning physics. The proposed sandwich configuration comprises sensor and actuator face sheets and a hybrid nanocomposite reinforced core to provide multifunctional durability. Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model to estimate effective material properties for the core component. Structural modeling is performed using Carrera unified formulation (CUF) with equivalent single-layer (ESL) models expressed through Taylor series expansion. Refined finite element approximation uses Legendre polynomials and Lagrange-type shape functions, with the geometric relations developed through the mixed interpolation of tensorial components (MITC) method. The use of a single-layer substrate lossless structure and a three-layered lossless electromechanical active sensing and actuating configuration is examined. By embedding the constitutive and geometric relations into a unified modeling framework for the governing equations, the corresponding governing equations requiring consideration of coupled electromechanical-aerodynamic responses were developed. Control strategies are evaluated to mitigate destabilizing effects on the electromechanical boundary value problem caused by hybrid electric shocks, and the time delay feedback (TDF) with derivative action (DA) controller consistently enabled the best reduction in the response's vibration and stabilization. Overall, results can be used for the modeling and mitigation of lightning-induced hybrid electric shocks to aerospace structures while also providing valuable decision support information for the implementation of advanced smart wing technologies in the future.