Rhinosinusitis

CURRENT APPROACHES TO ALLERGİC DISEAS, GÖKHAN ŞAHİN,ŞENGÜL AKSAKAL, Editör, NOVA Science Publishers Inc. , New York, ss.136-143, 2024

Rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa of any

aetiology. It is the most common disease of the paranasal sinuses. Due to

its frequent occurrence, chronicity, and high treatment costs, the correct

approach and effective treatment are essential. It is classified as acute

rhinosinusitis (ARS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Allergy, asthma,

and other lower respiratory tract diseases, non-steroidal anti-

inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), exacerbated airway disease (N-ERD),

immune deficiencies, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), nasal

anatomical variations, bacteria and biofilms, viruses, fungal infections,

ciliary impairment, smoking, pollution, and alcohol are predisposing

factors. Rather than the etiological factors that cause CRS, the interest is

now focused on the inflammation that develops as a result in the sinus

tissue. Once the barrier is crossed, a self-limiting immune defensive

response occurs, characterised by a cellular and cytokine repertoire

targeting one of three classes of pathogens. Nasal endoscopic

examination may reveal oedema, discharge, crusting, scarring, and

polyps. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard in the

radiological evaluation of rhinological diseases, especially CRS.

Treatment is primarily medical therapy. Surgical treatment is

recommended when appropriate maximum medical treatment is not

beneficial.