The Importance of Stomata for Plants and Studies on Stomata of Some Fruit Trees

Ak B. E., Can M., Dikmetaş B., Yaqubi Q., Hatipoğlu İ. H.

9th International Scientific Research Congress-UBAK- Science and Engineering, Ankara, Türkiye, 12 - 13 Aralık 2020, ss.33-49, (Tam Metin Bildiri)

  • Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Tam Metin Bildiri
  • Basıldığı Şehir: Ankara
  • Basıldığı Ülke: Türkiye
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.33-49
  • Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Adresli: Hayır

Özet

Stoma; They are living structures that provide sweatingand gas exchange in the plant thanks to the opening and closing feature of theepidermis. While the membrane on the inner surfaces of the stomata is thick,the membrane on the outer surfaces is thin. This difference in the membranesprovides the stomatal opening and closing feature. There are no stomata in theroots and completely submerged plants. The most important feature that distin-guishes stoma cells from other epidermis cells is that there is chloroplast in itsstructure. Stomas are especially found in the photosynthetic parts of plants. Alt-hough stomata constitute only 1% of the leaf areas of the plants, the transpira-tion of 90% of the water they take from the soil with the help of their rootsprovides stomata. On hot summer days, water loss in fruit trees increases evenmore. With the lack of water, the lack of necessary organic matter also increa-ses. Transpiration also protects the plants from the scorching effect of the hightemperature. In the studies conducted, it has been determined that the numberand size of stomata in fruit trees vary according to the type and variety, and thenumber and sizes of stomata in the unit surface area change with the effect ofbiotic and abiotic factors. Although the number of stomata in fruit trees is in-versely proportional to the size of the stoma, the stoma size decreases signifi-cantly. Accordingly, it was found that there was a decrease in water loss. It hasbeen determined that the density of the stoma varies according to the variety,ecology, cultural processes, the maturity level of the leaves and the positionsof the leaves on the shoot.