MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS, vol.142, 2020 (SCI-Expanded)
Flavobacterium species are considered important fish pathogens in wild and cultured fish throughout the world. They can cause acute, subacute, and chronic infections, which are mainly characterized by gill damage, skin lesions, and deep necrotic ulcerations. Primarily, three Flavobacterium species, F. branchiophilum, F. columnare, and F. psychrophilum, have been reported to cause substantial losses to freshwater fish.