Electrochemically optimized multi-component polyacrylonitrile nanofiber scaffolds as a platform for three-dimensional glioblastoma cell culture
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, vol.16, no.1, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Volume: 16 Issue: 1
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1038/s41598-026-39640-y
- Journal Name: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Core, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Open Archive Collection: AVESIS Open Access Collection
- Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme represents the most aggressive primary brain malignancy with limited treatment options. Current research critically lacks three-dimensional culture platforms that can both recapitulate native tumor microenvironments and enable quantitative monitoring of cellular behavior. This study presents the first electrochemically monitored three-dimensional glioblastoma culture platform developed using multi-component PAN nanofiber scaffolds. Six sensor configurations incorporating Ho-MOF, C500, and GO were systematically developed: ITO/PAN, ITO/PAN/MOF, ITO/PAN/C500, ITO/PAN/GO, ITO/PAN/GO/MOF, and ITO/PAN/GO/C500. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy unveiled a critical discovery: optimal electrical performance does not guarantee biological compatibility. GO/MOF exhibited lowest electron transfer resistance (31.3 Omega) yet failed completely in cell adhesion. C500-modified scaffolds achieved the important finding 39.8 Omega resistance with > 95% cell viability. Cyclic voltammetry delivered current responses (280.53 mu A). Precisely-controlled electrospun nanofibers (392-507 nm diameters, 9-10 mu m pores) enabled authentic three-dimensional cellular infiltration. Cytotoxicity testing and Hoechst staining of U-87 MG and LN-18 glioblastoma cells demonstrated high cell viability and a well-organized cellular distribution, particularly on C500-modified PAN nanofiber scaffolds among the tested compositions, consistent with three-dimensional culture conditions. This platform obliterates the gap between reductionist 2D models and clinical reality, delivering real-time electrochemical monitoring within physiologically-relevant three-dimensional scaffolds for transformative glioblastoma research applications.