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JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS, cilt.52, sa.1, ss.24-36, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the worldwide prevalence of radix entomolaris (RE) and paramolaris (RP) in mandibular second molars via cone beam computed tomography. Methods: The electronic databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were searched using related MeSH keywords. In vivo cone-beam computed tomography-based studies that evaluated the prevalence of RE and RP in mandibular second molars were retrieved and assessed. The included studies were quantitatively analyzed via a meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence rates of RE and RP. Furthermore, the studies were qualitatively assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Results: Twenty-six studies were eligible for this review and a meta-analysis of 21,383 mandibular second molars was performed. All the studies involved were ranked as high quality with no evidence of publication bias. The global prevalence of RE was 0.72% (95% confidence interval: 0.45% to 1.04%) and that of RP was 0.17% (95% confidence interval: 0.004% to 0.36%). Sex and geographical location did not significantly influence RE or RP incidence. Conclusion: The prevalence of radix molaris is not infrequent. The incidence of RE is higher than that of RP, and neither sex nor country influences the incidence rate of either presentation. (J Endod 2026;52:24-36.)