Application of calcium hydroxide in preclinical endodontic education in Türkiye: a nationwide cross-sectional survey

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ÇİÇEK M., PERTEK HATİPOĞLU F.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND ANALYTICAL MEDICINE, cilt.17, sa.8, ss.818-823, 2026 (ESCI)

Özet

Aim: Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) is commonly used as an intracanal medicament in endodontic treatment due to its antibacterial properties. Despite its frequent clinical use, incorrect application may lead to serious complications, highlighting the importance of adequate education. However, the extent to which Ca(OH)(2) application is systematically included in preclinical endodontic education in Turkiye remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess its inclusion, instructional approaches, and general tendencies in preclinical endodontic education programs in Turkiye. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey included faculty members and research assistants involved in preclinical endodontic education at dental faculties in Turkiye. A 27-item structured questionnaire was electronically distributed to 97 actively admitting dental faculties. The survey assessed the inclusion of Ca(OH)(2) application in preclinical education, application techniques, and perceived student competence. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and comparisons between faculties were performed using Pearson's chi-square test (P < .05). Results: Forty-six dental faculties participated (response rate: 47%). Although all respondents reported clinical use of Ca(OH)(2), 58.7% stated that its application was not taught preclinically. The most commonly reported technique was a powder-liquid mixture applied with manual files. Most instructors rated students' performance as only partially correct. No significant differences were found between faculties that did and did not provide preclinical instruction regarding application accuracy or apical extrusion (P > .05). Conclusion: Ca(OH)(2) application is insufficiently standardized in preclinical endodontic education in Turkiye. Integrating structured theoretical and practical training into preclinical curricula may improve clinical competence and reduce application-related complications.